Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids Elsevier BV 159583 - 159583 1388-1981 2024/11
PLAAT5 as an N-acyltransferase responsible for the generation of anti-inflammatory N-acylethanolamines in testisMohammad Mamun Sikder; Sumire Sasaki; Yoshimi Miki; Yuki Nagasaki; Ken-ichi Ohta; Zahir ...See More
A stress sensor, IRE1α, is required for bacterial-exotoxin-induced interleukin-1β production in tissue-resident macrophagesIzumi Sasaki; Yuri Fukuda-Ohta; Chihiro Nakai; Naoko Wakaki-Nishiyama; Chizuy...See More
Frontiers in Immunology Frontiers Media SA 14 2023/10
SpiB regulates the expression of B-cell-related genes and increases the longevity of memory B cellsShu Horiuchi; Takuya Koike; Hirofumi Takebuchi; Katsuaki Hoshino; Izumi Sasaki; Yuri Fukuda-Ohta; Tsu...See More
A stress sensor IRE1α is required for bacterial exotoxin-induced inflammasome activation in tissue-resident macrophagesIzumi Sasaki; Yuri Fukuda-Ohta; Chihiro Nakai; Naoko Wakaki-Nishiyama; Chizuyo Ok...See More
Microbiome ssRNA as an environmental cue to activate TLR13-dependent tissue-protective programs in CD5Lhihepatic macrophagesRyota Sato; Kaiwen Liu; Takuma Shibata; Katsuaki Hoshino; Kiyoshi Yamaguchi;...See More
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 627 130 - 136 0006-291X 2022/10 [Refereed]
Immunomodulatory effects of D-allose on cytokine production by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsKenjiro Takao; Makiko Suzuki; Ryo Miyazaki; Minoru Miyake; Kazuya Akimitsu; Katsuaki HoshinoBiochemical and B...See More
International Immunology Oxford University Press (OUP) 34 (3) 159 - 172 2022/02 [Refereed]
Transcription factor MafB-mediated inhibition of type I interferons in plasmacytoid dendritic cellsHiroyuki Saiga; Masaki Ueno; Takashi Tanaka; Tsuneyasu Kaisho; Katsuaki HoshinoInternational Immunolo...See More
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 525 (2) 477 - 482 2020/04 [Refereed]
The mechanism of action of Spi-B in the transcriptional activation of the interferon-α4 gene.Ryo Miyazaki; Hiroyuki Saiga; Takumi Kato; Takamitsu Bakoshi; Rina Senba; An Shintani; Makiko Suzuki; Kenji...See More
International immunology 31 (10) 657 - 668 2019/09 [Refereed]
Cholera toxin B induces interleukin-1β production from resident peritoneal macrophages through the pyrin inflammasome as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome.Takashi Orimo; Izumi Sasaki; Hiroaki Hemmi; Tosh...See More
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (33) 8418 - 8423 2018/08 [Refereed]
Heme ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through providing intestinal macrophages with noninflammatory profiles.Hisako Kayama; Masako Kohyama; Daisuke Okuzaki; Daisuke Motooka; Soumik B...See More
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (33) 8418 - 8423 2018/08 [Refereed]
Toshiro Niki; Koji Fujita; Hugo Rosen; Mitsuomi Hirashima; Tsutomu Masaki; Toshio Hattori; Katsuaki Hoshino
Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology 50 (5) 1856 - 1868 2018 [Refereed]
Plasma Galectin-9 Concentrations in Normal and Diseased Condition.Toshiro Niki; Koji Fujita; Hugo Rosen; Mitsuomi Hirashima; Tsutomu Masaki; Toshio Hattori; Katsuaki HoshinoCellular physiology and bio...See More
Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene ProductKatsuaki Hoshino; Osamu Takeuchi; Taro Kawai; Hideki Sanjo; ...See More
Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene Product
Pillars Article: Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene Product. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 3749-3752.
Pillars Article: Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene Product. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 3749-3752.Hoshino ...See More
Pillars Article: Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps Gene Product. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 3749-3752.
Antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes target airway CD103(+) and CD11b(+) dendritic cells to suppress allergic inflammationN. J. Daniels; E. Hyde; S. Ghosh; K. Seo; K. M. Price; K. Hoshino; T. Kais...See More
In Vivo Ablation of a Dendritic Cell Subset Expressing the Chemokine Receptor XCR1.Hiroaki Hemmi; Katsuaki Hoshino; Tsuneyasu KaishoMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 1423 247 - 53 2016 [Ref...See More
The Ets transcription factor Spi-B is essential for the differentiation of intestinal microfold cells.Takashi Kanaya; Koji Hase; Daisuke Takahashi; Shinji Fukuda; Katsuaki Hoshino; Izumi Sasaki; Hiroa...See More
Statins, Inhibitors of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase, Function as Inhibitors of Cellular and Molecular Components Involved in Type I Interferon ProductionHideki Amuro; Tomoki Ito; Ri...See More
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 397 (4) 756 - 761 0006-291X 2010/07 [Refereed]
Conservation of a chemokine system, XCR1 and its ligand, XCL1, between human and miceChihiro Yamazaki; Rie Miyamoto; Katsuaki Hoshino; Yuri Fukuda; Izumi Sasaki; Masuyoshi Saito; Hironori Ishiguchi; T...See More
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS 207 (4) 721 - 730 0022-1007 2010/04 [Refereed]
Selective control of type I IFN induction by the Rac activator DOCK2 during TLR-mediated plasmacytoid dendritic cell activationKazuhito Gotoh; Yoshihiko Tanaka; Akihiko Nishikimi; Risa Nakamura; Hisak...See More
Cutting Edge: Critical Role of I kappa B Kinase alpha in TLR7/9-Induced Type I IFN Production by Conventional Dendritic CellsKatsuaki Hoshino; Izumi Sasaki; Takahiro Sugiyama; Takahiro Yano; Chihiro Y...See More
ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY BIOMED CENTRAL LTD 12 (3) 1478-6354 2010 [Refereed]
Inhibitor of I kappa B kinase activity, BAY 11-7082, interferes with interferon regulatory factor 7 nuclear translocation and type I interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cellsRie Miyamoto; ...See More
Induction of beta-defensin 3 in keratinocytes stimulated by bacterial lipopeptides through toll-like receptor 2Yasuyuki Sumikawa; Hideo Asada; Katsuaki Hoshino; Hiroaki Azukizawa; Ichiro Katayama; Shi...See More
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase enhances spatial memory in mice
K Yukawa; T Tanaka; T Bai; L Li; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; K Hoshino; S Akira; H Iso
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD 17 (5) 869 - 873 1107-3756 2006/05 [Refereed]
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase enhances spatial memory in miceK Yukawa; T Tanaka; T Bai; L Li; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; K Hoshino; S Akira; H IsoINTERNAT...See More
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase enhances spatial memory in mice
K Yukawa; T Tanaka; T Bai; L Li; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; K Hoshino; S Akira; H Iso
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD 17 (5) 869 - 873 1107-3756 2006/05 [Refereed]
I kappa B kinase-alpha is critical for interferon-alpha production induced by Toll-like receptors 7 and 9K Hoshino; T Sugiyama; M Matsumoto; T Tanaka; M Saito; H Hemmi; O Ohara; S Akira; T KaishoNATUR...See More
Gene expression profiles of mouse dendritic cell subsets
Saito M; Hoshino K; Sugiyama T; Tanaka T; Tsuboi R; Kaisho T
Journal of Tokyo Medical University 東京医科大学医学会 64 (3) 294 - 304 0040-8905 2006 [Refereed]
Gene expression profiles of mouse dendritic cell subsetsSaito M; Hoshino K; Sugiyama T; Tanaka T; Tsuboi R; Kaisho TJournal of Tokyo Medical University 東京医科大学医学会 64 (3) 294 - 304 0040-8905 2006 [Refer...See More
Gene expression profiles of mouse dendritic cell subsets
Saito M; Hoshino K; Sugiyama T; Tanaka T; Tsuboi R; Kaisho T
Journal of Tokyo Medical University 東京医科大学医学会 64 (3) 294 - 304 0040-8905 2006 [Refereed]
Escherichia coli verotoxin 1 mediates apoptosis in human HCT116 colon cancer cells by inducing overexpression of the GADD family of genes and S phase arrestRN Bhattacharjee; KS Park; S Uematsu; K Okad...See More
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase attenuates p53 expression in chronic obstructive uropathy
K Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; T Bai; T Tanaka; S Akira
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS 16 (3) 389 - 393 1107-3756 2005/09 [Refereed]
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase attenuates p53 expression in chronic obstructive uropathyK Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; T Bai; T...See More
Deletion of the kinase domain from death-associated protein kinase attenuates p53 expression in chronic obstructive uropathy
K Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; M Maeda; T Bai; T Tanaka; S Akira
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS 16 (3) 389 - 393 1107-3756 2005/09 [Refereed]
The kinase domain of death-associated protein kinase is inhibitory for tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic obstructive nephropathy
K Yukawa; M Kishino; K Hoshino; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; T Bai; T Tanaka; T Ueyama; M Ichinose; K Takeda; S Akira; M Maeda
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS 15 (1) 73 - 78 1107-3756 2005/01 [Refereed]
The kinase domain of death-associated protein kinase is inhibitory for tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic obstructive nephropathyK Yukawa; M Kishino; K Hoshino; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y Tsubota; K...See More
The kinase domain of death-associated protein kinase is inhibitory for tubulointerstitial fibrosis in chronic obstructive nephropathy
K Yukawa; M Kishino; K Hoshino; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; T Bai; T Tanaka; T Ueyama; M Ichinose; K Takeda; S Akira; M Maeda
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS 15 (1) 73 - 78 1107-3756 2005/01 [Refereed]
M Yamamoto; S Yamazaki; S Uematsu; S Sato; H Hemmi; K Hoshino; T Kaisho; H Kuwata; O Takeuchi; K Takeshige; T Saitoh; S Yamaoka; N Yamamoto; S Yamamoto; T Muta; K Takeda; S Akira
Regulation of Toll/IL-1-receptor-mediated gene expression by the inducible nuclear protein I kappa B zetaM Yamamoto; S Yamazaki; S Uematsu; S Sato; H Hemmi; K Hoshino; T Kaisho; H Kuwata; O Takeuchi; ...See More
M Yamamoto; S Yamazaki; S Uematsu; S Sato; H Hemmi; K Hoshino; T Kaisho; H Kuwata; O Takeuchi; K Takeshige; T Saitoh; S Yamaoka; N Yamamoto; S Yamamoto; T Muta; K Takeda; S Akira
M Kishino; K Yukawa; K Hoshino; A Kimura; N Shirasawa; H Otani; T Tanaka; K Owada-Makabe; Y Tsubota; M Maeda; M Ichinose; K Takeda; S Akira; M Mune
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS 15 (7) 1826 - 1834 1046-6673 2004/07 [Refereed]
Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates tubular cell apoptosis in renal ischemia-reperfusion injuryM Kishino; K Yukawa; K Hoshino; A Kimura; N Shirasawa; H Otani; T...See More
H Hemmi; O Takeuchi; S Sato; M Yamamoto; T Kaisho; H Sanjo; T Kawai; K Hoshino; K Takeda; S Akira
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS 199 (12) 1641 - 1650 0022-1007 2004/06 [Refereed]
The roles of two I kappa B kinase-related kinases in lipopolysaccharide and double stranded RNA signaling and viral infectionH Hemmi; O Takeuchi; S Sato; M Yamamoto; T Kaisho; H Sanjo; T Kawai; K Hosh...See More
N Okazaki; R F-Kikuno; R Ohara; S Inamoto; H Koseki; S Hiraoka; Y Saga; S Seino; M Nishimura; T Kaisho; K Hoshino; H Kitamura; T Nagase; O Ohara; H Koga
DNA RESEARCH UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS INC 11 (3) 205 - 218 1340-2838 2004/06 [Refereed]
Prediction of the coding sequences of mouse homologues of KIAA gene: IV. The complete nucleotide sequences of 500 mouse KIAA-homologous cDNAs identified by screening of terminal sequences of cDNA clon...See More
N Okazaki; R F-Kikuno; R Ohara; S Inamoto; H Koseki; S Hiraoka; Y Saga; S Seino; M Nishimura; T Kaisho; K Hoshino; H Kitamura; T Nagase; O Ohara; H Koga
DNA RESEARCH UNIVERSAL ACADEMY PRESS INC 11 (3) 205 - 218 1340-2838 2004/06 [Refereed]
Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates renal tubular cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive uropathy
K Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; M Mune; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; T Tanaka; M Ichinose; M Maeda; K Takeda; S Akira
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD 13 (4) 515 - 520 1107-3756 2004/04 [Refereed]
Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates renal tubular cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive uropathyK Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; M Mune; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y...See More
Deletion of the kinase domain in death-associated protein kinase attenuates renal tubular cell apoptosis in chronic obstructive uropathy
K Yukawa; K Hoshino; M Kishino; M Mune; N Shirasawa; A Kimura; Y Tsubota; K Owada-Makabe; T Tanaka; M Ichinose; M Maeda; K Takeda; S Akira
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD 13 (4) 515 - 520 1107-3756 2004/04 [Refereed]
Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IFN-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 do not augment infection-stimulated bone resorption in vivoH Sasaki; K Balto; N Kawashima; J Eastcott; K ...See More
R Iiyama; T Kanai; K Uraushihara; T Ishikura; S Makita; T Totsuka; M Yamazaki; T Nakamura; T Miyata; H Yoshida; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; K Takeda; H Ishikawa; S Akira; M Watanabe
Normal development of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue except peyer's patch in MyD88-deficient miceR Iiyama; T Kanai; K Uraushihara; T Ishikura; S Makita; T Totsuka; M Yamazaki; T Nakamura; T Miyata...See More
R Iiyama; T Kanai; K Uraushihara; T Ishikura; S Makita; T Totsuka; M Yamazaki; T Nakamura; T Miyata; H Yoshida; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; K Takeda; H Ishikawa; S Akira; M Watanabe
TRAM is specifically involved in the Toll-like receptor 4-mediated MyD88-independent signaling pathwayM Yamamoto; S Sato; H Hemmi; S Uematsu; K Hoshino; T Kaisho; O Takeuchi; K Takeda; S AkiraNATURE I...See More
Role of adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathwayM Yamamoto; S Sato; H Hemmi; K Hoshino; T Kaisho; H Sanjo; O Takeuchi; M Sugiyama; M Okabe; K Takeda; S AkiraSCIENCE A...See More
H Takagi; T Kanai; A Okazawa; Y Kishi; T Sato; H Takaishi; N Inoue; H Ogata; Y Iwao; K Hoshino; K Takeda; S Akira; M Watanabe; H Ishii; T Hibi
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS 38 (8) 837 - 844 0036-5521 2003/08 [Refereed]
Contrasting action of IL-12 and IL-18 in the development of dextran sodium sulphate colitis in miceH Takagi; T Kanai; A Okazawa; Y Kishi; T Sato; H Takaishi; N Inoue; H Ogata; Y Iwao; K Hoshino; K Tak...See More
H Takagi; T Kanai; A Okazawa; Y Kishi; T Sato; H Takaishi; N Inoue; H Ogata; Y Iwao; K Hoshino; K Takeda; S Akira; M Watanabe; H Ishii; T Hibi
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS 38 (8) 837 - 844 0036-5521 2003/08 [Refereed]
Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in Toll-like receptor signaling
S Akira; K Hoshino
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES UNIV CHICAGO PRESS 187 S356 - S363 0022-1899 2003/06 [Refereed]
Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in Toll-like receptor signalingS Akira; K HoshinoJOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES UNIV CHICAGO PRESS 187 S356 - S363 0022-1899 2003/...See More
Myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent and -independent pathways in Toll-like receptor signaling
S Akira; K Hoshino
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES UNIV CHICAGO PRESS 187 S356 - S363 0022-1899 2003/06 [Refereed]
Suppression of allergic reaction by lambda-carrageenan: Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88-dependent and -independent modulation of immunityRF Tsuji; K Hoshino; Y Noro; NM Tsuji; T Kurokawa; T Masuda; S Akira...See More
Cutting edge: A novel toll/IL-1 receptor Domain containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the toll-like receptor signaling
M Yamamoto; S Sato; K Mori; K Hoshino; O Takeuchi; K Takeda; S Akira
Cutting edge: A novel toll/IL-1 receptor Domain containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the toll-like receptor signalingM Yamamoto; S Sato; K Mori; K Hoshino; O Takeu...See More
Cutting edge: A novel toll/IL-1 receptor Domain containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the toll-like receptor signaling
M Yamamoto; S Sato; K Mori; K Hoshino; O Takeuchi; K Takeda; S Akira
Essential role for TIRAP in activation of the signalling cascade shared by TLR2 and TLR4M Yamamoto; S Sato; H Hemmi; H Sanjo; S Uematsu; T Kaisho; K Hoshino; O Takeuchi; M Kobayashi; T Fujita; K Taked...See More
Differential involvement of IFN-beta in Toll-like receptor-stimulated dendritic cell activationK Hoshino; T Kaisho; T Iwabe; O Takeuchi; S AkiraINTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY OXFORD UNIV PRESS 14 (10) 1225 ...See More
Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice
E Seki; H Tsutsui; NM Tsuji; N Hayashi; K Adachi; H Nakano; S Futatsogi-Yumikura; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; S Akira; J Fujimoto; K Nakanishi
Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in miceE Seki; H Tsutsui; NM Tsuji; N Hayashi; K Adach...See More
Critical roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent proinflammatory cytokine release in early phase clearance of Listeria monocytogenes in mice
E Seki; H Tsutsui; NM Tsuji; N Hayashi; K Adachi; H Nakano; S Futatsogi-Yumikura; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; S Akira; J Fujimoto; K Nakanishi
Endotoxin can induce MyD88-deficient dendritic cells to support T(h)2 cell differentiationT Kaisho; K Hoshino; T Iwabe; O Takeuchi; T Yasui; S AkiraINTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY OXFORD UNIV PRESS 14 (7) 69...See More
Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteinsO Takeuchi; S Sato; T Horiuchi; K Hoshino; K Takeda; ZY Dong; RL Modlin; S AkiraJOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY A...See More
Cutting edge: Role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins
O Takeuchi; S Sato; T Horiuchi; K Hoshino; K Takeda; ZY Dong; RL Modlin; S Akira
Small anti-viral compounds activate immune cells via the TLR7 MyD88-dependent signaling pathwayH Hemmi; T Kaisho; O Takeuchi; S Sato; H Sanjo; K Hoshino; T Horiuchi; H Tomizawa; K Takeda; S AkiraNATUR...See More
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) in synergy with IL-2 induces lethal lung injury in mice: A potential role for cytokines, chemokines, and natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumoniaM Okam...See More
Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the MyD88-independent pathway and results in activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 and the expression of a subset of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes
T Kawai; O Takeuchi; T Fujita; J Inoue; PF Muhlradt; S Sato; K Hoshino; S Akira
Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the MyD88-independent pathway and results in activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 and the expression of a subset of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genesT Kawai; O Takeuchi...See More
Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the MyD88-independent pathway and results in activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 and the expression of a subset of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes
T Kawai; O Takeuchi; T Fujita; J Inoue; PF Muhlradt; S Sato; K Hoshino; S Akira
Endotoxin-induced maturation of MyD88-deficient dendritic cellsT Kaisho; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; K Hoshino; S AkiraJOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS 166 (9) 5688 - 5694 0022-1767 2001/05 [Re...See More
Endotoxin-induced maturation of MyD88-deficient dendritic cells
Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of myeloid differentiation factor 88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1 beta
E Seki; H Tsutsui; H Nakano; NM Tsuji; K Hoshino; O Adachi; K Adachi; S Futatsugi; K Kuida; O Takeuchi; H Okamura; J Fujimoto; S Akira; K Nakanishi
Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of myeloid differentiation factor 88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1 betaE S...See More
Lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-18 secretion from murine Kupffer cells independently of myeloid differentiation factor 88 that is critically involved in induction of production of IL-12 and IL-1 beta
E Seki; H Tsutsui; H Nakano; NM Tsuji; K Hoshino; O Adachi; K Adachi; S Futatsugi; K Kuida; O Takeuchi; H Okamura; J Fujimoto; S Akira; K Nakanishi
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNAH Hemmi; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; T Kaisho; S Sato; H Sanjo; M Matsumoto; K Hoshino; H Wagner; K Takeda; S AkiraNATURE MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD 408 (6813) 740 ...See More
Erratum: Cutting Edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway (Journal of Immunology (2000) 164 (554-557))
O. Takeuchi; A. Kaufmann; K. Grote; T. Kawai; K. Hoshino; M. Morr; P. F. Muhlradt; S. Akira
Journal of Immunology 165 (10) 0022-1767 2000/11 [Refereed]
Erratum: Cutting Edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent s...See More
Erratum: Cutting Edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway (Journal of Immunology (2000) 164 (554-557))
O. Takeuchi; A. Kaufmann; K. Grote; T. Kawai; K. Hoshino; M. Morr; P. F. Muhlradt; S. Akira
Journal of Immunology 165 (10) 0022-1767 2000/11 [Refereed]
Cutting edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway (vol 164, pg 554, 2000)
O Takeuchi; A Kaufmann; K Grote; T Kawai; K Hoshino; M Morr; PF Muhlradt; S Akira
Cutting edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling ...See More
Cutting edge: Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2- and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway (vol 164, pg 554, 2000)
O Takeuchi; A Kaufmann; K Grote; T Kawai; K Hoshino; M Morr; PF Muhlradt; S Akira
Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infectionO Takeuchi; K Hoshino; S AkiraJOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS 165 (10) 539...See More
H Hacker; RM Vabulas; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; S Akira; H Wagner
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS 192 (4) 595 - 600 0022-1007 2000/08 [Refereed]
Immune cell activation by bacterial CpG-DNA through myeloid differentiation marker 88 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6H Hacker; RM Vabulas; O Takeuchi; K Hoshino; S Akira; ...See More
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 374 (2) 2000 [Refereed]
Erratum: The primary and higher order structures of sea urchin ovoperoxidase as determined by cDNA cloning and predicted by homology modeling (Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (1999) 367:2 (173...See More
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 374 (2) 2000 [Refereed]
Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2-and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway
O Takeuchi; A Kaufmann; K Grote; T Kawai; K Hoshino; M Morr; PF Muhlradt; S Akira
Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2-and MyD88-dependent signaling pathwayO Takeuc...See More
Preferentially the R-stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 activates immune cells through a toll-like receptor 2-and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway
O Takeuchi; A Kaufmann; K Grote; T Kawai; K Hoshino; M Morr; PF Muhlradt; S Akira
Cellular responses to bacterial cell wall components are mediated through MyD88-dependent signaling cascadesO Takeuchi; K Takeda; K Hoshino; O Adachi; T Ogawa; S AkiraINTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY OXFORD U...See More
K Hoshino; S Kashiwamura; K Kuribayashi; T Kodama; T Tsujimura; K Nakanishi; T Matsuyama; K Takeda; S Akira
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS 190 (10) 1541 - 1547 0022-1007 1999/11 [Refereed]
The absence of interleukin 1 receptor-related T1/ST2 does not affect T helper cell type 2 development and its effector functionK Hoshino; S Kashiwamura; K Kuribayashi; T Kodama; T Tsujimura; K Nakanis...See More
T Yoshimoto; H Tsutsui; K Tominaga; K Hoshino; H Okamura; S Akira; WE Paul; K Nakanishi
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NATL ACAD SCIENCES 96 (24) 13962 - 13966 0027-8424 1999/11 [Refereed]
IL-18, although antiallergic when administered with IL-12, stimulates IL-4 and histamine release by basophilsT Yoshimoto; H Tsutsui; K Tominaga; K Hoshino; H Okamura; S Akira; WE Paul; K NakanishiPROC...See More
Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall componentsO Takeuchi; K Hoshino; T Kawai; H Sanjo; H Takada; T Ogawa; K Takeda; S AkiraIMMUNIT...See More
The genes responsible for O-antigen synthesis of Vibrio cholerae O139 are closely related to those of Vibrio cholerae O22S Yamasaki; T Shimizu; K Hoshino; ST Ho; T Shimada; GB Nair; Y TakedaGENE ELSEV...See More
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS ACADEMIC PRESS INC 367 (2) 173 - 184 0003-9861 1999/07 [Refereed]
The primary and higher order structures of sea urchin ovoperoxidase as determined by cDNA cloning and predicted by homology modelingK Nomura; K Hoshino; N SuzukiARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS...See More
Death-associated protein kinase 2 is a new calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that signals apoptosis through its catalytic activityT Kawai; F Nomura; K Hoshino; NG Copeland; DJ Gilbert; NA Je...See More
Cutting edge: Generation of IL-18 receptor-deficient mice: Evidence for IL-1 receptor-related protein as an essential IL-18 binding receptorK Hoshino; H Tsutsui; T Kawai; K Takeda; K Nakanishi; Y Take...See More
Cutting edge: Generation of IL-18 receptor-deficient mice: Evidence for IL-1 receptor-related protein as an essential IL-18 binding receptor
K Hoshino; H Tsutsui; T Kawai; K Takeda; K Nakanishi; Y Takeda; S Akira
Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene productK Hoshino; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; H Sanjo; T Ogawa; Y Takeda; ...See More
Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product
K Hoshino; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; H Sanjo; T Ogawa; Y Takeda; K Takeda; S Akira
K Hoshino; S Yamasaki; AK Mukhopadhyay; S Chakraborty; A Basu; SK Bhattacharya; GB Nair; T Shimada; Y Takeda
FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV 20 (3) 201 - 207 0928-8244 1998/03 [Refereed]
Development and evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for rapid detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139K Hoshino; S Yamasaki; AK Mukhopadhyay; S Chakraborty; A Basu; SK Bhattacharya; GB Nair;...See More
Two enzymes involved in hardening and dissolution of the fertilization envelope of sea urchin embryo: Ovoperoxidase and envelysin (hatching enzyme)K Nomura; T Shimizu; K Hoshino; M Inomata; N SuzukiFA...See More
Two enzymes involved in hardening and dissolution of the fertilization envelope of sea urchin embryo: Ovoperoxidase and envelysin (hatching enzyme)
K Nomura; T Shimizu; K Hoshino; M Inomata; N Suzuki
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY SPRINGER VERLAG 243 (3) 612 - 623 0014-2956 1997/02 [Refereed]
Cyclic-AMP-dependent activation of an inter-phylum hybrid histone-kinase complex reconstituted from sea urchin sperm-regulatory subunits and bovine heart catalytic subunitsK Hoshino; K Nomura; N Suzuk...See More
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY SPRINGER VERLAG 243 (3) 612 - 623 0014-2956 1997/02 [Refereed]
Comparative analyses of genes responsible for O-antigen syntheses of Vibrio cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O22
Yamasaki S; Shimizu T; Hoshino K; Ho S.-T; Shimada T; Nair G.B; Takeda Y
Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 50 (4-5) 200 - 201 1997 [Refereed]
Comparative analyses of genes responsible for O-antigen syntheses of Vibrio cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O22Yamasaki S; Shimizu T; Hoshino K; Ho S.-T; Shimada T; Nair G.B; Takeda YJapanese Journal of...See More
Comparative analyses of genes responsible for O-antigen syntheses of Vibrio cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O22
Yamasaki S; Shimizu T; Hoshino K; Ho S.-T; Shimada T; Nair G.B; Takeda Y
Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology 50 (4-5) 200 - 201 1997 [Refereed]
Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated regulatory subunit of sea urchin sperm cAMP-dependent histone kinase by an endogenous protein phosphatase
Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated regulatory subunit of sea urchin sperm cAMP-dependent histone kinase by an endogenous protein phosphataseK Hoshino; N SuzukiZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE ZOOLOGICAL SOC JA...See More
Dephosphorylation of autophosphorylated regulatory subunit of sea urchin sperm cAMP-dependent histone kinase by an endogenous protein phosphatase
A mRNA for membrane form of guanylyl cyclase is expressed exclusively in the testis of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimusT Shimizu; K Takeda; H Furuya; K Hoshino; K Nomura; N SuzukiZOOLOGICAL S...See More
A mRNA for membrane form of guanylyl cyclase is expressed exclusively in the testis of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
T Shimizu; K Takeda; H Furuya; K Hoshino; K Nomura; N Suzuki
IN-VITRO AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION AND CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-DEPENDENT DEPHOSPHORYLATION OF SEA-URCHIN SPERM HISTONE KINASET HARUMI; K HOSHINO; N SUZUKIZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE ZOOLOGICAL SOC JAPAN 11 (2) 209 - 219 0...See More
IN-VITRO AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION AND CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-DEPENDENT DEPHOSPHORYLATION OF SEA-URCHIN SPERM HISTONE KINASE
DIFFERENTIAL-EFFECTS OF THE EGG JELLY MOLECULES FSG AND SAP-I ON ELEVATION OF INTRACELLULAR CA-2+ AND PH IN SEA-URCHIN SPERMATOZOAK HOSHINO; T SHIMIZU; Y SENDAI; T HARUMI; N SUZUKIDEVELOPMENT GROWTH &...See More
EFFECTS OF SPERM-ACTIVATING PEPTIDE-I ON HEMICENTROTUS-PULCHERRIMUS SPERMATOZOA IN HIGH POTASSIUM SEA-WATERT HARUMI; K HOSHINO; N SUZUKIDEVELOPMENT GROWTH & DIFFERENTIATION BLACKWELL SCIENCE 34 (2) 16...See More
ヒト樹状細胞とマクロファージの機能 BDCA3+DCの発現するケモカインレセプターXCR1とNK細胞活性化能の解析(Importance of chemokines system between human BDCA3+ dendritic cells and NK cells in innate cytotoxic response)
ヒト樹状細胞とマクロファージの機能 BDCA3+DCの発現するケモカインレセプターXCR1とNK細胞活性化能の解析(Importance of chemokines system between human BDCA3+ dendritic cells and NK cells in innate cytotoxic response)伊藤 量基; 宮本 理恵; 山崎 千尋; 星野 克明; 改正 ...See More
ヒト樹状細胞とマクロファージの機能 BDCA3+DCの発現するケモカインレセプターXCR1とNK細胞活性化能の解析(Importance of chemokines system between human BDCA3+ dendritic cells and NK cells in innate cytotoxic response)
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA (vol 408, pg 740, 2000)
H Hemmi; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; T Kaisho; S Sato; H Sanjo; M Matsumoto; K Hoshino; H Wagner; K Takeda; S Akira NATURE 409- (6820) 646 -U22 2001/02
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA (vol 408, pg 740, 2000)H Hemmi; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; T Kaisho; S Sato; H Sanjo; M Matsumoto; K Hoshino; H Wagner; K Takeda; S Akira NATURE 409- (6820) ...See More
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA (vol 408, pg 740, 2000)
H Hemmi; O Takeuchi; T Kawai; T Kaisho; S Sato; H Sanjo; M Matsumoto; K Hoshino; H Wagner; K Takeda; S Akira NATURE 409- (6820) 646 -U22 2001/02
The primary and higher order structures of sea urchin ovoperoxidase as determined by cDNA cloning and predicted by homology modeling (vol 367, pg 173, 1999)
K Nomura; K Hoshino; N Suzuki ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 374- (2) 403 -403 2000/02
The primary and higher order structures of sea urchin ovoperoxidase as determined by cDNA cloning and predicted by homology modeling (vol 367, pg 173, 1999)K Nomura; K Hoshino; N Suzuki ARCHIVES OF B...See More
The primary and higher order structures of sea urchin ovoperoxidase as determined by cDNA cloning and predicted by homology modeling (vol 367, pg 173, 1999)
K Nomura; K Hoshino; N Suzuki ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 374- (2) 403 -403 2000/02
FSG AND SAP CAUSE THE ENHANCEMENTS OF pH_1 AND [Ca^<2+>]_1 BY BINDING THE DIFFERENT BINDING SITES ON A SEA URCHIN SPERMATOZOON(Developmental Biology)(Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) :
FSG AND SAP CAUSE THE ENHANCEMENTS OF pH_1 AND [Ca^<2+>]_1 BY BINDING THE DIFFERENT BINDING SITES ON A SEA URCHIN SPERMATOZOON(Developmental Biology)(Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Meeting of ...See More
FSG AND SAP CAUSE THE ENHANCEMENTS OF pH_1 AND [Ca^<2+>]_1 BY BINDING THE DIFFERENT BINDING SITES ON A SEA URCHIN SPERMATOZOON(Developmental Biology)(Proceedings of the Sixty-Second Annual Meeting of the Zoological Society of Japan) :
The immunological analysis of MARCH I regulating IgE production
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Date (from‐to) : 2012/04 -2016/03
Author : HOSHINO Mari; HOSHINO Katsuaki
Membrane-associated RING-CH I (MARCH-I) has been suggested as a E3 ubiquitin ligase for the regulation of immune system.
In this study we observed lower antigen(Ag)-specific antibody responses, especially and drastically lower Ag-specific IgE responses and lower Ag-specific T cell responses when MARCH I deficient mice were systemically immunized, compared with control mice. Next, we showed that MARCH I deficiency in dendritic cells was important for the decrease of immune responses such as low IgE production. This study revealed that MARCH I might be responsible for susceptibility to infection.
The immunological analysis of MARCH I regulating IgE productionJapan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchDate (from‐to) : 2012/04 -2016/03 Author : HOSHINO Mari;...See More
The immunological analysis of MARCH I regulating IgE production
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Date (from‐to) : 2012/04 -2016/03
Author : HOSHINO Mari; HOSHINO Katsuaki
Membrane-associated RING-CH I (MARCH-I) has been suggested as a E3 ubiquitin ligase for the regulation of immune system.
In this study we observed lower antigen(Ag)-specific antibody responses, especially and drastically lower Ag-specific IgE responses and lower Ag-specific T cell responses when MARCH I deficient mice were systemically immunized, compared with control mice. Next, we showed that MARCH I deficiency in dendritic cells was important for the decrease of immune responses such as low IgE production. This study revealed that MARCH I might be responsible for susceptibility to infection.
Mechanisms for dendritic cell responses against host-derived molecules
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Innate immune sensors detect not only pathogen- but also host-derived factors such as nucleic acids and cause inflammatory responses. Dendritic cells or macrophages play critical roles in this inflammation, which we call homeostatic inflammation. This study clarified molecular mechanisms regulating the production of type I interferons or proinflammatory cytokines induced by nucleic acid sensors and keeping appropriate responses. This study also generated gene-manipulating mice which should be useful for clarifying the critical roles of dendritic cell subsets in homeostatic inflammation.
Mechanisms for dendritic cell responses against host-derived moleculesJapan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchDate (from‐to) : 2009/04 -2015/03 Author : KAISHO...See More
Mechanisms for dendritic cell responses against host-derived molecules
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Innate immune sensors detect not only pathogen- but also host-derived factors such as nucleic acids and cause inflammatory responses. Dendritic cells or macrophages play critical roles in this inflammation, which we call homeostatic inflammation. This study clarified molecular mechanisms regulating the production of type I interferons or proinflammatory cytokines induced by nucleic acid sensors and keeping appropriate responses. This study also generated gene-manipulating mice which should be useful for clarifying the critical roles of dendritic cell subsets in homeostatic inflammation.
Signal transduction via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) originates from the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, to which a TIR domain-bearing common adapter, MyD88 binds. Although cytokine production is completely abolished in MyD88-deficient mice, some LPS responses including induction of IFN-inducible genes and maturation of dendritic cells are still observed. Recently, another adapter named TIRAP/Mal has been cloned as a molecule that specifically associates with TLR4 and may explain the MyD88-independent response. To assess the physiological role of TIRAP/Mal, we generated mice lacking TIRAP. LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production were abolished in TIRAP-deficient mice. Similar to MyD88-deficient mice, LPS activation of NF-kB and MAP kinases was induced with delayed kinetics. Expression of IFN-inducible genes as well as maturation of dendritic cells was observed. They also displayed defective response to TLR2 ligands, but not to other stimuli that activate TLR3, TLR7 or TLR9. These results demonstrate that TIRAP is not specific to the TLR4 signaling or does not participate in the MyD88-independent pathway, but rather TIRAP plays a crucial role in the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway shared by TLR2 and TLR4. These results further indicate that TIR domain-containing adaptors provide specificity of TLR signaling. Therefore, we searched TIR domain-containing molecules in database, and we identified a novel TIR domain containing molecule, named TRIF (TIR domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-b). TRIF activated NF-kB like MyD88 and TIRAP. In addition, unlike MyD88 and TIRAP, TRIF activated the lFN-b promoter. Dominant negative TRIF, but not MyD88 and TIRAP, inhibited TLR3-dependent activation of NF-kB and the IFN-b promoter. TRIF associated with TLR3 and IRF-3, which acts in the MyD88-independent signaling. These findings suggest that TRIF plays an important role in the TLR signaling, particularly in the MyD88-independent pathway.
Mechanism of innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptorsJapan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific ResearchDate (from‐to) : 2001 -2002 Author : SHIZUO Akira; ...See More
Mechanism of innate immune response triggered by Toll-like receptors
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science:Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research
Signal transduction via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) originates from the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain, to which a TIR domain-bearing common adapter, MyD88 binds. Although cytokine production is completely abolished in MyD88-deficient mice, some LPS responses including induction of IFN-inducible genes and maturation of dendritic cells are still observed. Recently, another adapter named TIRAP/Mal has been cloned as a molecule that specifically associates with TLR4 and may explain the MyD88-independent response. To assess the physiological role of TIRAP/Mal, we generated mice lacking TIRAP. LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production were abolished in TIRAP-deficient mice. Similar to MyD88-deficient mice, LPS activation of NF-kB and MAP kinases was induced with delayed kinetics. Expression of IFN-inducible genes as well as maturation of dendritic cells was observed. They also displayed defective response to TLR2 ligands, but not to other stimuli that activate TLR3, TLR7 or TLR9. These results demonstrate that TIRAP is not specific to the TLR4 signaling or does not participate in the MyD88-independent pathway, but rather TIRAP plays a crucial role in the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway shared by TLR2 and TLR4. These results further indicate that TIR domain-containing adaptors provide specificity of TLR signaling. Therefore, we searched TIR domain-containing molecules in database, and we identified a novel TIR domain containing molecule, named TRIF (TIR domain containing adaptor inducing interferon-b). TRIF activated NF-kB like MyD88 and TIRAP. In addition, unlike MyD88 and TIRAP, TRIF activated the lFN-b promoter. Dominant negative TRIF, but not MyD88 and TIRAP, inhibited TLR3-dependent activation of NF-kB and the IFN-b promoter. TRIF associated with TLR3 and IRF-3, which acts in the MyD88-independent signaling. These findings suggest that TRIF plays an important role in the TLR signaling, particularly in the MyD88-independent pathway.